三位一体不是多神论

核心论证 Core Argument

穆斯林常指控基督教三位一体是多神论（shirk），但这是基于对三位一体教义的误解。基督教坚定地宣告只有一位上帝（申命记6:4），但这位独一的上帝永恒地以三个位格存在：圣父、圣子、圣灵。三位一体不是三个神，而是一个神圣本质中的三个位格。本质（essence/ousia）和位格（person/hypostasis）是不同的范畴：本质回答“是什么”，位格回答“是谁”。古兰经5:116对三位一体的描述（安拉、耶稣、马利亚）是对基督教信仰的歪曲——没有任何基督教传统教导马利亚是三位一体的一部分。

Muslims often charge that the Christian Trinity is polytheism (shirk), but this rests on a misunderstanding. Christianity firmly confesses one God (Deuteronomy 6:4), but this one God eternally exists in three Persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Trinity is not three gods but three Persons within one divine essence. Essence (ousia) and Person (hypostasis) are different categories: essence answers 'what,' Person answers 'who.' The Quran's description of the Trinity in 5:116 (Allah, Jesus, Mary) is a distortion of Christian faith — no Christian tradition teaches that Mary is part of the Trinity.