什么是三位一体？一个上帝怎么同时是三个位格？
What is the Trinity? How can one God be three persons?
简答 Short Answer
三位一体是说上帝在本质上是一位，但在位格上是三位——圣父、圣子、圣灵。三个位格同等永恒、同等尊荣，共享同一个神圣本质。
The Trinity means God is one in essence but three in persons — Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The three persons are co-eternal, co-equal, and share one divine nature.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
三位一体是基督教最核心也最独特的教义。它不是说有三个上帝（三神论），也不是说一个上帝扮演三种角色（形态论），而是说一个上帝永恒地存在为三个彼此不同但完全合一的位格。
圣经没有直接使用「三位一体」这个词，但处处彰显这个真理：圣父差遣圣子（约3:16），圣子顺服圣父（约6:38），圣灵被圣父和圣子差遣（约14:26, 15:26）。在耶稣受洗时，三个位格同时显现（太3:16-17）。大使命中耶稣命令奉「父、子、圣灵的名」施洗——注意是单数的「名」，表明三位共享一个神圣本质。
三位一体告诉我们，上帝在创造世界之前就在自身内部拥有完美的爱和团契关系。上帝不需要创造我们来满足祂对关系的需要——祂创造我们是出于丰盛的爱的溢出。
The Trinity is Christianity's most central and distinctive doctrine. It does not mean three gods (tritheism), nor one God playing three roles (modalism), but one God eternally existing as three distinct yet fully united persons.
The Bible doesn't use the word 'Trinity' directly, but reveals this truth throughout: the Father sends the Son (John 3:16), the Son submits to the Father (John 6:38), the Spirit is sent by the Father and the Son (John 14:26, 15:26). At Jesus's baptism, all three persons appear simultaneously (Matt 3:16-17). In the Great Commission, Jesus commands baptism in the 'name' (singular) of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit — the singular 'name' indicates the three share one divine essence.
The Trinity tells us that before creating the world, God already possessed perfect love and fellowship within Himself. God didn't need to create us to fulfill a need for relationship — He created us out of the overflow of His abundant love.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •Mere Christianity Book 4, Ch.2 (C.S. Lewis)
- •The Forgotten Trinity (James White)
- •Systematic Theology Ch.14 (Wayne Grudem)