耶稣如何既是完全的上帝又是完全的人？
How can Jesus be fully God and fully man at the same time?
简答 Short Answer
耶稣基督是一个位格拥有两个完整的本性——完全的神性和完全的人性。这两个本性在一个位格中联合，不混淆、不改变、不分割、不分离。
Jesus Christ is one person with two complete natures — full deity and full humanity. These two natures are united in one person without confusion, change, division, or separation.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
公元451年的迦克墩会议确立了基督论的正统定义：耶稣基督是真上帝也是真人，两个本性在一个位格中联合。这被称为「二性一位格」（hypostatic union）。
这意味着耶稣不是半神半人，也不是人变成了神，更不是神假装成人。祂同时且完全地拥有神性和人性。作为上帝，祂是无所不知、无所不能的；作为人，祂会饥饿、疲倦、悲伤。福音书中我们看到祂平静风浪（神性的权能），也看到祂在十字架上哭喊（人性的痛苦）。
为什么这很重要？因为只有完全的上帝才有能力拯救我们，只有完全的人才能代替我们。救赎需要一位中保——既能代表上帝向人说话，又能代表人向上帝说话。耶稣独一无二的神人位格使祂成为完美的中保。正如提摩太前书2:5所说：「在上帝和人中间，只有一位中保，乃是降世为人的基督耶稣。」
The Council of Chalcedon in AD 451 established the orthodox definition of Christology: Jesus Christ is truly God and truly man, two natures united in one person. This is called the 'hypostatic union.'
This means Jesus is not half-God half-man, nor a man who became God, nor God pretending to be human. He simultaneously and fully possesses both divine and human natures. As God, He is omniscient and omnipotent; as man, He experienced hunger, fatigue, and sorrow. In the Gospels we see Him calming storms (divine power) and crying out on the cross (human suffering).
Why does this matter? Only fully God has the power to save us; only fully human can substitute for us. Redemption requires a mediator who can represent God to humanity and humanity to God. Jesus's unique divine-human personhood makes Him the perfect mediator. As 1 Timothy 2:5 says: 'There is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.'
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •The Person of Christ (Donald Macleod)
- •Systematic Theology Ch.26 (Wayne Grudem)