圣灵是谁？祂只是一种力量还是一个位格？
Who is the Holy Spirit? Is He just a force or a person?
简答 Short Answer
圣灵不是一种非人格的力量，而是三位一体中的第三位格——与圣父、圣子同等的上帝。祂有意志、情感和理智，祂说话、引导、可以被忧伤。
The Holy Spirit is not an impersonal force but the third person of the Trinity — God co-equal with Father and Son. He has will, emotions, and intellect; He speaks, guides, and can be grieved.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
许多人把圣灵想象成一种模糊的属灵能量，但圣经清楚地教导圣灵是一个位格。祂有位格的三个特征：理智（林前2:10-11，祂参透万事）、情感（弗4:30，祂会忧伤）、意志（林前12:11，祂随己意分配恩赐）。祂用言语说话（徒13:2），祂引导（罗8:14），祂代求（罗8:26）。这些都不是一种力量能做的。
圣灵不仅是一个位格，而且是完全的上帝。使徒行传5:3-4中，彼得说欺哄圣灵就是欺哄上帝。圣灵参与了创造（创1:2），参与了基督的道成肉身（路1:35），参与了基督的复活（罗8:11）。三位一体的每一项大工，圣灵都有参与。
对基督徒而言，圣灵是使我们重生的那一位（约3:5-8），是住在我们里面的那一位（林前6:19），是使我们成圣、赐给我们恩赐、引导我们明白真理的那一位。没有圣灵的工作，没有人能认识基督、相信福音。
Many imagine the Holy Spirit as a vague spiritual energy, but Scripture clearly teaches He is a person. He possesses the three marks of personhood: intellect (1 Cor 2:10-11, He searches all things), emotion (Eph 4:30, He can be grieved), and will (1 Cor 12:11, He distributes gifts as He wills). He speaks (Acts 13:2), guides (Rom 8:14), and intercedes (Rom 8:26). No mere force can do these things.
The Holy Spirit is not only a person but fully God. In Acts 5:3-4, Peter says lying to the Holy Spirit is lying to God. The Spirit participated in creation (Gen 1:2), Christ's incarnation (Luke 1:35), and Christ's resurrection (Rom 8:11). Every great work of the Trinity involves the Spirit.
For Christians, the Holy Spirit is the one who regenerates us (John 3:5-8), dwells within us (1 Cor 6:19), sanctifies us, gives us gifts, and guides us into truth. Without the Spirit's work, no one can know Christ or believe the gospel.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •The Holy Spirit (Sinclair Ferguson)
- •Systematic Theology Ch.30 (Wayne Grudem)