什么是圣灵的洗？所有基督徒都有圣灵吗？
What is the baptism of the Holy Spirit? Do all Christians have the Holy Spirit?
简答 Short Answer
圣灵的洗发生在每个人归信的那一刻，不是之后的第二次经历。所有真正的基督徒都有圣灵内住——「人若没有基督的灵，就不是属基督的」。
The baptism of the Holy Spirit occurs at the moment of conversion, not as a second experience afterward. All true Christians have the indwelling Spirit — 'anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to Him.'
详细解答 Detailed Answer
一些基督教传统教导圣灵的洗是得救之后的第二次经历，通常伴随着说方言等现象。但从改革宗的角度来看，圣经教导圣灵的洗是归信时发生的一次性事件。
哥林多前书12:13说：「我们不拘是犹太人，是希腊人，是为奴的，是自主的，都从一位圣灵受洗，成了一个身体。」这里保罗说的是所有基督徒——每个信徒在归信时都领受了圣灵的洗。罗马书8:9更加明确：「人若没有基督的灵，就不是属基督的。」
使徒行传中五旬节和其他特殊的圣灵浇灌事件是救赎历史中独特的过渡时期现象，标志着新约时代的开启和福音向不同群体的扩展（犹太人、撒玛利亚人、外邦人）。这些不应该被视为每个基督徒都需要重复的模式。基督徒不需要追求「第二次祝福」，而应该追求被圣灵充满（弗5:18）——这是持续不断的、日常的顺服和依靠。
Some Christian traditions teach that Spirit baptism is a second experience after salvation, usually accompanied by speaking in tongues. But from a Reformed perspective, Scripture teaches Spirit baptism is a one-time event at conversion.
1 Corinthians 12:13 says: 'For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body — Jews or Greeks, slaves or free.' Here Paul speaks of all Christians — every believer received Spirit baptism at conversion. Romans 8:9 is even clearer: 'Anyone who does not have the Spirit of Christ does not belong to Him.'
The Pentecost event and other special Spirit outpourings in Acts were unique transitional phenomena in redemptive history, marking the inauguration of the new covenant era and the gospel's expansion to different groups (Jews, Samaritans, Gentiles). These should not be seen as a pattern every Christian must repeat. Christians need not seek a 'second blessing' but should pursue being filled with the Spirit (Eph 5:18) — a continuous, daily submission and dependence.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •Baptism and Fullness (John Stott)
- •Keep in Step with the Spirit (J.I. Packer)