婴儿也有罪吗？没有听过福音的人怎么办？
Are infants sinful too? What about people who never heard the gospel?
简答 Short Answer
圣经教导所有人在亚当里都有原罪。对于婴儿和未闻福音者，我们信靠上帝的公义和慈爱——祂的审判必定是公正的，祂的恩典可以超越常规途径。
Scripture teaches all people have original sin in Adam. Regarding infants and the unreached, we trust God's justice and mercy — His judgment is always right, and His grace can work beyond ordinary means.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
这是神学中最令人揪心的问题之一，我们需要以谦卑和敬畏来回应。
关于婴儿：圣经确实教导原罪影响所有人（诗51:5, 罗5:12）。但许多改革宗神学家（包括加尔文本人）相信，上帝的拣选恩典可以在没有个人信心表达的情况下运作。威斯敏斯特信条（10.3）说：「被选的婴儿在幼年夭折的，由基督通过圣灵重生得救，圣灵何时何处以何种方式运作，都随祂的美意。」
关于未闻福音的人：罗马书1:20教导所有人通过创造都有关于上帝的知识，因此没有人是完全无知的。罗马书2:14-15说上帝的律法写在人心里。同时，我们相信上帝的审判是完全公义的——亚伯拉罕的话永远成立：「审判全地的主岂不行公义吗？」（创18:25）。
这些问题最终提醒我们两件事：我们不是审判者（上帝是），以及传福音的紧迫性——正因为我们不确定上帝会如何对待未闻福音的人，我们更应该竭力将福音传到地极。
This is among theology's most heart-wrenching questions, requiring humility and reverence.
Regarding infants: Scripture does teach original sin affects all (Psalm 51:5, Rom 5:12). But many Reformed theologians (including Calvin himself) believe God's electing grace can operate without a personal expression of faith. The Westminster Confession (10.3) states: 'Elect infants, dying in infancy, are regenerated and saved by Christ through the Spirit, who works when and where and how He pleases.'
Regarding the unreached: Romans 1:20 teaches all people have knowledge of God through creation, so no one is entirely ignorant. Romans 2:14-15 says God's law is written on human hearts. We trust God's judgment is perfectly just — Abraham's words always stand: 'Shall not the Judge of all the earth do what is just?' (Gen 18:25).
These questions ultimately remind us of two things: we are not the judge (God is), and the urgency of evangelism — precisely because we're uncertain how God deals with the unreached, we should strive all the more to bring the gospel to the ends of the earth.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •Systematic Theology Ch.24 (Wayne Grudem)
- •The Westminster Confession Ch.10