圣灵是谁？是一种力量还是位格？
Who is the Holy Spirit — a force or a person?
简答 Short Answer
圣灵不是一种无形的力量或能量，而是三一上帝的第三位格——祂有意志、情感、智慧，是真正的神。
The Holy Spirit is not an impersonal force or energy, but the third person of the Trinity — He has will, emotions, and intellect, and is truly God.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
许多人误以为圣灵只是一种神秘的能量或影响力，但圣经清楚表明圣灵是一个有位格的存在。
1.【圣灵是位格】圣灵有智慧——祂鉴察万事（林前2:10）；有意志——祂随己意分给各人恩赐（林前12:11）；有情感——祂会担忧（弗4:30）。一股力量不会担忧，只有位格才会。耶稣称圣灵为「保惠师」（约14:16），用的是人称代词「祂」。
2.【圣灵是神】彼得对欺哄圣灵的亚拿尼亚说「你不是欺哄人，是欺哄神了」（徒5:3-4），直接等同圣灵与神。圣灵无所不在（诗139:7）、无所不知（林前2:10-11）、参与创造（创1:2），这些都是神独有的属性。
3.【圣灵与三一】在大使命中，耶稣吩咐奉父、子、圣灵的名施洗（太28:19），将三者并列。圣灵不是次等的神，而是与父和子同等、同荣、同永恒的一位神。
理解圣灵的位格性至关重要——因为这意味着我们与圣灵的关系不是使用一种工具，而是与一位活着的神交通。
Many people mistakenly think the Holy Spirit is merely a mysterious energy or influence, but Scripture clearly shows the Spirit is a personal being.
1. **The Spirit is a person**: He has intellect — He searches all things (1 Cor 2:10); will — He distributes gifts as He determines (1 Cor 12:11); emotions — He can be grieved (Eph 4:30). A force cannot grieve; only a person can. Jesus called the Spirit the 'Helper' (John 14:16), using personal pronouns.
2. **The Spirit is God**: Peter told Ananias, who lied to the Holy Spirit, 'You have not lied to man but to God' (Acts 5:3-4), directly equating the Spirit with God. The Spirit is omnipresent (Ps 139:7), omniscient (1 Cor 2:10-11), and participated in creation (Gen 1:2) — all attributes unique to God.
3. **The Spirit and the Trinity**: In the Great Commission, Jesus commanded baptism in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (Matt 28:19), placing all three together. The Spirit is not a lesser deity but co-equal, co-glorious, and co-eternal with the Father and Son.
Understanding the Spirit's personhood is crucial — it means our relationship with Him is not using a tool, but communing with the living God.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •The Holy Spirit (R.C. Sproul)
- •Systematic Theology Ch.30 (Wayne Grudem)
- •Keep in Step with the Spirit (J.I. Packer)