人有自由意志吗？还是一切都是神决定的？
Do humans have free will, or does God determine everything?
简答 Short Answer
人有真实的选择能力，但因罪的影响，人的意志在属灵上是被捆绑的，无法凭自己选择神。上帝的主权和人的责任在圣经中并行不悖。
Humans make real choices, but due to sin, the will is spiritually bound and unable to choose God on its own. God's sovereignty and human responsibility coexist in Scripture without contradiction.
详细解答 Detailed Answer
「自由意志」这个词需要仔细定义，因为不同的人赋予它不同的含义。
1.【人有选择能力】人可以自由选择吃什么、穿什么、做什么工作。在日常生活中，我们做的是真实的选择，而不是被迫的机器人。上帝也确实呼吁人做出选择：「今日就可以选择所要侍奉的」（书24:15）。
2.【但意志不是「自由」的】改革宗神学指出，人的意志受到罪性的严重影响。人不是在善恶之间中立地自由选择，而是「按着本性行事」。耶稣说「所有犯罪的就是罪的奴仆」（约8:34）。就像一条鱼可以在水中自由游泳，但它不能「自由地」选择在陆地上行走——人也可以自由选择，但罪人不能「自由地」选择神，因为他们的本性不渴望神。
3.【路德的「意志的捆绑」】马丁·路德在《论意志的捆绑》中指出：在得救的问题上，人的意志不是自由的，而是被罪捆绑的。唯有圣灵的重生才能释放人的意志，使人能够真正选择基督。
4.【上帝的主权与人的责任】圣经同时教导两个真理。约瑟对出卖他的哥哥们说：「从前你们的意思是要害我，但神的意思原是好的」（创50:20）。使徒行传2:23说耶稣的死「是按着神的定旨先见」发生的，但犹大和杀害耶稣的人仍然要负完全的道德责任。
5.【如何调和？】承认这是奥秘。有限的人类思维无法完全理解无限上帝的运作方式。但我们不需要选择一个而否认另一个——因为圣经明确肯定两者。
'Free will' requires careful definition, as different people mean different things by it.
1. **Humans make choices**: We freely choose what to eat, wear, and do for work. In daily life, our choices are real, not robotic. God calls people to choose: 'Choose this day whom you will serve' (Josh 24:15).
2. **But the will isn't 'free'**: Reformed theology observes that human will is severely affected by sin. People don't neutrally choose between good and evil but 'act according to their nature.' Jesus said, 'Everyone who practices sin is a slave to sin' (John 8:34). A fish freely swims in water but can't 'freely' walk on land — sinners freely choose, but can't 'freely' choose God because their nature doesn't desire Him.
3. **Luther's 'Bondage of the Will'**: Martin Luther argued in *The Bondage of the Will* that regarding salvation, human will isn't free but bound by sin. Only the Spirit's regeneration can liberate the will to truly choose Christ.
4. **Sovereignty and responsibility**: Scripture teaches both simultaneously. Joseph told his brothers: 'You meant evil against me, but God meant it for good' (Gen 50:20). Acts 2:23 says Jesus' death happened 'according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God,' yet Judas and those who killed Jesus bear full moral responsibility.
5. **How to reconcile?** Accept the mystery. Finite human minds cannot fully comprehend how the infinite God operates. But we need not choose one and deny the other — Scripture clearly affirms both.
📖 经文引用 Bible Verses
📚 推荐阅读 Related Readings
- •The Bondage of the Will (Martin Luther)
- •Freedom of the Will (Jonathan Edwards)
- •Chosen by God Ch.3 (R.C. Sproul)